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CURSO: ECONOMIA DE LA EDUCACION PARA LAS POLITICAS PUBLICAS
TRADUCCION: THE ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION FOR EDUCATION POLICY MAKING
SIGLA: EAE3402
CREDITOS: 10
MODULOS: 02
CARACTER: OPTATIVO
TIPO: CATEDRA
CALIFICACION: ESTANDAR
DISCIPLINA: ECONOMIA


I.DESCRIPCIÓN DEL CURSO

Este curso aborda temas de la teoria economica y la investigacion econometrica aplicados la educacion, analizando sus aportes y limitaciones para la toma de decisiones en politica educativa. Se presentan problemas relativos a la decision individual, la equidad, la funcion de produccion, la medicion de la calidad y el financiamiento, contextualizando la discusion en casos reales.


II.OBJETIVOS DE APRENDIZAJE

1. Analizar criticamente los resultados empiricos de investigaciones nacionales e internacionales en economia de la educacion.

2. Valorar el aporte de otras disciplinas (filosofia, sociologia y psicometria) a la discusion sobre educacion en economia.

3. Relacionar lo que predicen distintos modelos teoricos con los resultados de politicas educativas posibles o reales.

4. Evaluar fenomenos observados en distintas realidades educativas, a la luz de la discusion en la literatura.

5. Proponer una pregunta de investigacion empirica, revisando la literatura asociada, para posteriormente elegir una fuente de datos y una metodologia para responderla.



III.CONTENIDOS

1. Invirtiendo en educacion

1.1 La teoria de inversion en capital humano

1.1.1 Problemas de estimacion: habilidad y autoseleccion

1.1.2 Capital humano y capital social


1.2 La educacion como se?al

1.3 El retorno a la educacion (retorno privado y retorno publico)

1.4 La asignacion de alumnos

1.4.1 Decision individual: El mercado y cuasi mercado de la educacion (school choice, vouchers)

1.4.2 Decision centralizada: Sistemas de asignacion (dise?o de mecanismos, movilidad residencial)


1.5 El problema de la equidad: la brecha de genero, trasmision intergeneracional (accident of birth), brecha socioeconomica y politicas publicas (discriminacion positiva -affirmative action- y propedeuticos)


2. Produciendo educacion

2.1 Customer input technology

2.1.1 Tama?o de la sala de clases

2.1.2 Efecto pares


2.2 Profesores: el mercado de los profesores, calidad de profesores, formacion de profesores, carrera docente, tecnologias educativas

2.3 El problema de la calidad

2.3.1 Problemas de agente y principal (sistemas de accountability y aseguramiento de la calidad)

2.3.2 Estandares y pruebas estandarizadas: aportes y limitaciones.

2.3.3 Modelos de valor agregado (value added) y percentiles de crecimiento (growth percentile)

2.3.4 Habilidades cognitivas y no cognitivas


3. Financiando la educacion

3.1 Cuanto importan los recursos

3.2 Becas, subsidios y prestamos


4. Problemas especificos a los niveles educativos

4.1 La educacion mandatoria (primaria y secundaria): mercado, cuasimercado y derechos sociales

4.2 La educacion inicial y la inversion temprana en casos de pobreza

4.3 La educacion terciaria:

4.3.1 La economia de la educacion superior

4.3.2 Desercion y otras medidas de eficiencia


4.4. La educacion tecnica vocacional: transicion escuela trabajo (school to work transition)


5. El efecto de la educacion en el crecimiento, el desarrollo, y la (des)igualdad de ingresos

6. La investigacion empirica en educacion

6.1 Problemas econometricos: identificacion, causalidad, endogeneidad

6.2 Evaluacion de politicas: evaluacion de impacto, analisis costo-beneficio

6.3 La investigacion interdisciplinaria: analisis cualitativo, analisis de varianza, modelos lineales jerarquicos.

6.4 Etica del investigador: uso de bases de datos, comunicacion de resultados, creditos, etc.


IV.METODOLOGIA PARA EL APRENDIZAJE

-Clases lectivas.

-Lecturas individuales.

-Trabajo de investigacion grupal.


V.EVALUACION DE APRENDIZAJES

- Pruebas de contenidos 20%

- Tareas 10%

- Exposicion 10%

- Trabajo de investigacion 40%

- Examen 20%


VI.BIBLIOGRAFIA

Minima

H. Levin. Mapping the Economics of Education. An Introductory Essay. Educational Researcher, 18(4):13?73, 1989.

Angrist, J. & A. Krueger. Does Compulsory School Attendance Affect Schooling and Earnings? The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(4):979?1014, 1991.

Deming, D.J., J.S. Hastings, T.J. Kane, D.O. Staiger (2013). School Choice, School Quality and Postsecondary Attainment. American Economic Review, 104(3): 991-1014, 2014.

Hsieh, C. & M. Urquiola. When Schools Compete, How Do They Compete? An Assessment of Chile?s Nationwide School Voucher Program. NBER Working Paper, 2003.

Jencks, C. Whom Must We Treat Equally for Educational Opportunity to be Equal? Ethics, 98(3):518?533, 1988.

Ladd, H. School Vouchers: A Critical View. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(4):3? 24, 2002.

Todd, P. & K. Wolpin. The Production of Cognitive Achievement in Children: Home, School and Racial Test Score Gaps. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania, PIER Working Paper, pages 04?019, 2006.

Weiss, A. Human Capital vs. Signalling Explanations of Wages. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(4):133?154, 1995.

Neal, D. How Vouchers Could Change the Market for Education. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(4):25?44, 2002.

Abdulkadiroglu, A., J. Angrist, S. Dynarski, T. Kane, P. Pathak (2011). Accountability and Flexibility in Public Schools: Evidence from Boston's Charters and Pilots. Quarterly Journal of Economics 126 (2): 699-748.

Cunha, F., J.J. Heckman (2010). ?The Technology of Skill Formation.? American Economic Review 97 (2): 31-4.

Hanushek, E.A., S.G. Rivkin (2012). The Distribution of Teacher Quality and Implications for Policy. Annual Review of Literature 46 (3): 607-668.?

Hanushek, E. and M. Raymond. 2004. "Does School Accountability Lead to Improved Student Performance?" NBER Working Paper 10591.

Hoxby, C. & G. Salyer. 2006. "School Reassignment and the Structure of Peer Effects" NBER Conference Paper.

Lazear, E. Educational Production. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116(3):777?803, 2001.

Todd, P.E. & K.I. Wolpin, On the Specification and Estimation of the Production Function for Cognitive Achievement. The Economic Journal, 113 (February), F3?F33. Royal Economic Society 2003.

Urquiola, M., E. Verhoogen (2009). Class-size Caps, Sorting, and the Regression-discontinuity Design. American Economic Review 99 (1): 179-215.

Guryan, J. Does Money Matter? Regression-Discontinuity Estimates from Education Finance Reform in Massachusetts. NBER Working Paper, 2001.

Hanushek, E. The Economics of Schooling: Production and Efficiency in Public Schools. Journal of Economic Literature, 24(3):1141?1177, 1986.

Heckman, J.J., R. Pinto, P. Savelyev (2013). ?Understanding the Mechanisms Through Which an Influential Early Childhood Program Boosted Adult Outcomes.? American Economic Review 103 (6): 2052- 86)

Heckman, J.J., T. Kautz (2013). ?Fostering and Measuring Skills: Interventions That Improve Character and Cognition?, IZA Discussion Paper 7750.

Rothschild, M. & L.J. White. 1995. "The Analytics of the Pricing of Higher Education and Other Services in Which the Customers Are Inputs," Journal of Political Economy, 103.3: 573-586.

Wolter, S. C. & P. Ryan (2011) `Apprenticeship?, pp. 521-76 in R. Hanushek, S. Machin and L. Wo?ssman (eds), Handbook of the Economics of Education, Vol. 3. Amsterdam: Elsevier North-Holland.

Acemoglu, D. & J. Angrist. How Large Are Human-Capital Externalities? Evidence from Compulsory Schooling Laws. NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2000, 2001.

Hanushek, E.A., L. Woessmann (2011). The Economics of International Differences in Educational Achievement. In: E.A. Hanushek, S. Machin, L. Woessmann (eds.), Handbook of the Economics of Education, Vol. 3: 89-200. Amsterdam: North Holland.?

Krueger, A. & M. Lindahl. Education for Growth: Why and For Whom? Journal of Economic Literature, 39(4):1101?1136, 2001.

Angrist, J. & A. Krueger. Empirical strategies in labor economics. In O. Ashenfelter and D. Card, editors, Handbook of Labor Economics, volume 3, pages 1277?1366. Elsevier Science, 1999.

Duflo, Esther, Rachel Glennerster and Michael Kremer (2007) ?Using Randomization in Development Economics Research: A Toolkit.? CEPR Working Paper 6059. http://econ- www.mit.edu/files/806 Sections 2.1 and 2.2.

Guido W. Imbens, 2010. "Better LATE Than Nothing: Some Comments on Deaton (2009) and Heckman and Urzua (2009)," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 48(2), pages 399-423, June.

Manski, C. (1993). The Identification of Endogenous Social Effects: The Reflection Problem The Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 60, No. 3. pp. 531-542.


Complementarias

S. Bowles, H. Gintis, and M. Osborne. The determinants of earnings: A behavioral approach. Journal of Economic Literature, 39(4):1137?1176, 2001. ?

Becker, G. Investment in human capital: A theoretical analysis. The Journal of Political Economy, 70(5):9?49, 1962.

Cullen, J. B., B. A. Jacob, & S. D. Levitt. The effect of school choice on participants: Evidence from randomized lotteries. Econometrica, 74(5):1191?230, 2006.

Duflo, E. Schooling and Labor Market Consequences of School Construction in Indonesia: Evidence from an Unusual Policy Experiment. The American Economic Review, 91(4):795? 813, 2001. ?

Hanushek, E & S. Rivkin. School Quality and the Black-White Achievement Gap. NBER Working Paper, 2006.

Krueger, A. B. Inequality, too much of a good thing. Paper to the Princeton University Industrial Relations Section. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, April 2002.

Murnane, R., J. Willett, & F. Levy. The Growing Importance of Cognitive Skills in Wage Determination. Review of Economics and Statistics, 77(2):251?66, 1995.

Rouse, C. Schools and Student Achievement: More Evidence from the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program. Industrial Relations Section, Princeton University, 1998.

Spence, M. Job Market Signaling. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87(3):355?374, 1973. ?

Tyler, J., R. Murnane, & J. Willett. Estimating the Labor Market Signaling Value of the GED. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(2):431?468, 2000. ?

Cutler, D. & A. Lleras-Muney. Education and Health: Evaluating Theories and Evidence. NBER Working Paper, 2006.

Krueger, A. Experimental Estimates of Education Production Functions. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 497, 1999.


Efecto pares

Hoxby, C. Peer Effects in the Classroom: Learning from Gender and Race Variation. NBER Working Paper, 2000.

Sacerdote, B. Peer Effects with Random Assignment: Results for Dartmouth Roommates. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 681, 2001.


Profesores

Chetty, R., J.N. Friedman, J. Rockoff (2012). Measuring the Impacts of Teachers I & II. Harvard University.

Gordon, R., T. J. Kane, & D. O. Staiger. Identifying effective teachers using performance on the job. Hamilton Project Discussion Paper, 2006.

Harris, D.N., T.R. Sass (2011). Teacher Training, Teacher Quality and Student Achievement. Journal of Public Economics 95 (7-8): 798-812.?

Jacob, B. & L. Lefgren. Principals as agents: Subjective performance assessment in education.?. Working Paper, 2007. ?

Lankford, H., S. Loeb, and J. Wyckoff. Teacher Sorting and the Plight of Urban Schools: A Descriptive Analysis. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 24(1):37, 2002.

Lavy, V.. Performance Pay and Teachers? Effort, Productivity and Grading Ethics. NBER Working Paper, 2004. ?

Loeb, S. & M. Page. Examining the Link between Teacher Wages and Student Outcomes: The Importance of Alternative Labor Market Opportunities and Non-Pecuniary Variation. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 82(3):393?408, 2000.

Metzler, J., L. Woessmann (2012). The Impact of Teacher Subject Knowledge on Student Achievement: Evidence from Within-teacher Within-student Variation. Journal of Development Economics 99 (2): 486-496.

Pekkala Kerr, S., T. Pekkarinen, R. Uusitalo (2013). School Tracking and Development of Cognitive Skills. Journal of Labor Economics 31 (3): 577-602.

Rivkin, S. Teachers, schools, and academic achievement. Econometrica, 73(2):417?458, 2005.

Rothstein, J. (2010). Teacher Quality in Educational Production: Tracking, Decay, and Student Achievement. Quarterly Journal of Economics 125 (1): 175-214.


Tama?o sala de clases

Krueger, A.B., 2003. "Economic Considerations and Class Size," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 113(485), pages F34-F63, February

Weili Ding & Steven Lehrer, 2005. "Class Size and Student Achievement: Experimental Estimates of Who Benefits and Who Loses from Reductions," Working Papers 1046, Queen's University, Department of Economics.


Habilidades no cognitivas

Almlund, M., Angela Lee Duckworth, James Heckman, Tim Kautz (2011). ?Personality Psychology and Economics? in Hanushek, E.A., S. Machin, L. Woessmann, eds. (2011). Handbook of the Economics of Education, Vol. 4. Amsterdam: North-Holland

Cunha, F., J.J. Heckman, S. Schennach (2010). ?Estimating the Technology of Cognitive and Noncognitive Skill Formation.? Econometrica, 78(3): 883-931.

Dee, T & B. Jacob. 2010. "The Impact of No Child Left Behind on Students, Teachers, and Schools," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 149-194.


Accountability

Chiang, H. 2009. "How Accountability Pressure on Failing Schools Affects Student Achievement," Journal of Public Economics, 93.9-10: 1045-1057.

Card, D and A. Payne. School finance reform, the distribution of school spending, and the distribution of student test scores. Journal of Public Economics, 83(1):49?82, 2002.

Dohmen, T. & A. Falk (2010). ?You get what you pay for: Incentives and selection in the education system.? The Economic Journal 120(546): F256-F271.

Hanushek, E. The failure of input-based schooling policies. Economic Journal, 113(485):64? 98, 2003.

Roy, J. Impact of School Finance Reform on Resource Equalization and Academic Performance: Evidence from Michigan. Princeton University, Education Research Section Working Paper, 2003. ?

Currie, J. Early Childhood Education Programs. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15(2):213?238, 2001.

Black, B. Do Better Schools Matter? Parental Valuation of Elementary Education. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(2):577?599, 1999. ?

Heckman, J. J. and D. V. Masterov. The productivity argument for investing in young children. NBER Working Paper 13016, April 2007.

Hoxby, C. 2009. "The Changing Selectivity of American Colleges," Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23.4: 95?118.

Lavy, V. (2010). Effects of Free Choice among Public Schools. Review of Economic Studies 77 (3): 1164-1191.


McEwan, P. & Shapiro, J. The Benefits of Delayed Primary School Enrollment: Discontinuity Estimates Using Exact Birth Dates. Journal of Human Resources vol. 43 no. 1 1-29, Winter 2008

Winston, G. 1999. ?Subsidies, Hierarchy and Peers: The Awkward Economics of Higher Education,? Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 13.1 (Winter), pp. 13-36.

Cohen, C. & M. Soto. Growth and human capital: good data, good results. Journal of Economic Growth, 12(1):51?76, 2007. ?

Hanushek, E.A., S. Link, L. Woessmann (2013). Does School Autonomy Make Sense Everywhere? Panel Estimates from PISA. Journal of Development Economics: vol. 104(C), pages 212-232.?

Haveman, R. & B. Wolfe. Schooling and Economic Well-Being: The Role of Nonmarket Effects. The Journal of Human Resources, 19(3):377?407, 1984. ?

Moretti, E. Estimating the social return to higher education: evidence from longitudinal and repeated cross-sectional data. Journal of Econometrics, 121(1-2):175?212, 2004. ?

Pritchett, L. Where Has All the Education Gone? The World Bank Economic Review, 15(3): 367?391, 2001.

Angrist, J.D., J.-S. Pischke (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist?s Companion. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Angrist, J.D and J Pischke, (2010) The credibility revolution in empirical economics: How better research design is taking the con out of econometrics, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 24 (2), 3H30. ?

Schlotter, M., G. Schwerdt, L. Woessmann (2011). Econometric Methods for Causal Evaluation of Education Policies and Practices: A Non-Technical Guide. Education Economics 19 (2): 109-137.


PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE CHILE
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS Y ADMINISTRATIVAS / NOVIEMBRE 2017